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کهرنی

نویسه گردانی: KHRNY
کهرنی. (ا. ه.) بکسر کاف و خفای ها و سکون راء مهمله و کسر نون و یا لغت هندی است ماهیت آن درختی است هندی بسیار عظیم و برک آن بلند و اندک باریک تر از برک کتهل& و ثمر آن کوچک طولانی بقدر یک بند انکشت و در خامی سبز و بعد رسیدن زرد می کردد و شیرین با یتوعیت
بسیار که بر دست و زبان و لب می چسپد طبیعت آن کرم در اول و تر در دوم و با رطوبت فضلیه افعال و خواص آن مفرح و مقوی اعضا و رافع ثقل سر و بیهوشی و تشنکی و مسکن هیجان اخلاط اربعه و قئ و جهت سرفه و قرحۀ مجاری بول و مشتهی طعام و باه و زیاده کنندۀ منی و آنچه در ولایت
کجرات می شود بهترین است از آنچه در بنکاله می شود و نیز در بعضی اماکن ثمر آن مدور و بزرک بقدر آلو می باشد و این بسیار کم یاب و در پرنیه از مضافات صوبه بنکاله یکدو درخت آن موجود است و اکتحال سودۀ تخم آن با شیر دختران رافع جرب و بیاض و جالی و روشن کنندۀ چشم است
و با ناخن فیل در رفع بیاض مجرب است و سعوط آن با کلاب اهوه را مفید مخزن الادویه عقیلی خراسانی & کتهل. [ ] (هندی ، اِ) اسم هندی رصاص ابیض است . (تحفه حکیم مو من ). درختی است هندی که از ثمره آن نان پزند. (ناظم الاطباء). /////////// کهرنی بکسر کاف و خفاء هاء و
سکون راء مهمله و کسر نون و سکون یاء تحتانی و قسمی ازو مسمی به چیک* است درختی است کلان قریب بدرخت پیپل** و ثمرش زرد رنگ بقدر درازی خسته خرما ازو گنده هر دو قسم سرد و تر و گران و مقوی اعضاء و دافع تشنگی و بیهوشی و سر گرانی و فساد اخلاط و خون و اگر مغز تخم کهرنی
به آب سائیده در چشم کشند گل آن را ببرد و این خواص در مجریات جد امجد دیدم و راقم مقوی معده و دل را مییابد و یک نوع عفوصت دارد و قابض و چون پخته بر درخت شود آن را بسیار نافع نوشته اند و چون تازه بسیار خورده شود بیم قولنج بود و دوغ مصلح اوست و خسته او تلخ است
و اطلاق دارد تالیف شریفی، متن، ص: 166 * Manilkara zapota From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Sapodilla Scientific classification Kingdom: Plantae (unranked): Angiosperms (unranked): Eudicots (unranked): Asterids Order: Ericales Family: Sapotaceae Genus:
Manilkara Species: M. zapota Binomial name Manilkara zapota (L.) P.Royen Synonyms See text Sapodilla, raw Fruit, cross-section Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz) Energy 347 kJ (83 kcal) Carbohydrates 19.96 g Dietary fiber 5.3 g Fat 1.1 g Protein 0.44 g Vitamins
Riboflavin (B2) (2%) 0.02 mg Niacin (B3) (1%) 0.2 mg Pantothenic acid (B5) (5%) 0.252 mg Vitamin B6 (3%) 0.037 mg Folate (B9) (4%) 14 μg Vitamin C (18%) 14.7 mg Minerals Calcium (2%) 21 mg Iron (6%) 0.8 mg Magnesium (3%) 12 mg Phosphorus (2%) 12 mg Potassium
(4%) 193 mg Sodium (1%) 12 mg Zinc (1%) 0.1 mg ________________________________________ Link to USDA Database entry • Units • μg = micrograms • mg = milligrams • IU = International units Percentages are roughly approximated using US recommendations for adults.
Source: USDA Nutrient Database Manilkara zapota, commonly known as the sapodilla (/ˌsæpəˈdɪlə/),[1] is a long-lived, evergreen tree native to southern Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean.[2] An example natural occurrence is in coastal Yucatán in the
Petenes mangroves ecoregion, where it is a subdominant plant species.[3] It was introduced to the Philippines during Spanish colonization. It is grown in large quantities in Pakistan, India, Thailand, Malaysia, Cambodia, Indonesia, Bangladesh and Mexico. The
name "zapota" from the Spanish zapote [θaˈpote] ultimately derives from the Nahuatlword tzapotl. Contents [show] Description[edit] Sapodilla tree. Sapodilla can grow to more than 30 m (98 ft) tall with an average trunk diameter of 1.5 m (4.9 ft). The average
height of cultivated specimens, however, is usually between 9 and 15 m (30 and 49 ft) with a trunk diameter not exceeding 50 cm (20 in).[4] It is wind-resistant and the bark is rich in a white, gummy latex called chicle. The ornamental leaves are medium green
and glossy. They are alternate, elliptic to ovate, 7–15 cm (2.8–5.9 in) long, with an entire margin. The white flowers are inconspicuous and bell-like, with a six-lobed corolla. An unripe fruit has a firm outer skin and when picked, releases white chicle from
its stem. A fully ripened fruit has saggy skin and does not release chicle when picked. The fruit is a large berry, 4–8 cm (1.6–3.1 in) in diameter.[5][6] Inside, its flesh ranges from a pale yellow to an earthy brown color with a grainy texture akin to that
of a well-ripened pear. Each fruit contains one to six seeds.[6] The seeds are hard, glossy, and black, resembling beans, with a hook at one end that can catch in the throat if swallowed. The fruit has an exceptionally sweet, malty flavor. The unripe fruit
is hard to the touch and contains high amounts of saponin, which has astringent properties similar to tannin, drying out the mouth. The trees can only survive in warm, typically tropical environments, dying easily if the temperature drops below freezing. From
germination, the sapodilla tree will usually take anywhere from five to eight years to bear fruit. The sapodilla trees yield fruit twice a year, though flowering may continue year round.[citation needed] Other names[edit] Sapodilla fruits being sold on a street
at Guntur, India. Sapodilla is known as mispel in the Virgin Islands[1]and Dutch Caribbean, zapote in Honduras, níspero in Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Costa Rica, Cuba, Guyana, Puerto Rico, Nicaragua, Panama, Colombiaand Venezuela, dilly in the Bahamas,
naseberry in Jamaica and other parts of the Caribbean, sapoti in Brazil (Portuguese pronunciation: [sɐpuˈtʃi]) and Haiti, chico in the Philippines and chicosapote or chicozapote in Mexico, Hawaii, and Florida.[7][8] It is known as chikoo (chiku, "चीकू") in
Northern India and Pakistan, ("چیکو" chiku and "ਚੀਕੂ" in Punjab) and sapota in some parts of India ("சப்போட்டா" in Tamil Nadu, "ಸಪೋಟ" in Karnataka, "సపోటా", "sapota" in Telugu, Andhra Pradesh, "സപ്പോട്ട " in Kerala), sapathilla or rata-mi in Sri Lanka, sobeda/sofeda
(সবেদা or সফেদা) in eastern India and Bangladesh, sabudheli ("ސަބުދެލި") in Maldives, sawo in Indonesia and saos in the province of West Sumatra, hồng xiêm (lit. Siamese persimmon), lồng mứt or xa pô chê in Vietnam, lamoot (ละมุด) in Thailand, Laos and (ល្មុត)
in Cambodia. It is called ciku (pronounced chiku) in standard Malay and sawo nilo in Kelantanese Malay. In Chinese, the name is mistakenly translated by many people roughly as "ginseng fruit" (人參果), though this is also the name used for the pepino, an unrelated
fruit; it should instead be "heart fruit" (人心果) because it is shaped like the heart.[citation needed] Biological studies[edit] Compounds extracted from the leaves showed anti-diabetic, antioxidant and hypocholesterolemic (cholesterol-lowering) effects in rats.[9]
Acetone extracts of the seeds exhibited considerable antibacterial effects against strains of Pseudomonas oleovorans and Vibrio cholerae.[10] Synonyms[edit] Synonyms of this species include:[11] • Achradelpha mammosa (L.) O.F.Cook • Achras breviloba (Gilly)
Lundell • Achras calderonii (Gilly) Lundell • Achras conzattii (Gilly) Lundell • Achras coriacea Lundell • Achras dactylina Lundell • Achras gaumeri (Gilly) Lundell • Achras latiloba Lundell • Achras lobulata (Lundell) Lundell • Achras lucuma Blanco • Achras
mammosa L. nom. illeg. • Achras meridionalis (Gilly) Lundell • Achras occidentalis Cels ex Ten. • Achras paludosa Lundell • Achras petenensis (Lundell) Lundell • Achras rojasii (Gilly) Lundell • Achras sapatilla J.Paul & W.Arnold • Achras sapota L. [Spelling
variant] • Achras striata (Gilly) Lundell • Achras tabogaensis (Gilly) Lundell • Achras tainteriana Lundell • Achras tchicomame Perr. • Achras verrucosa Stokes • Achras zapota L. • Achras zapotilla (Jacq.) Nutt. • Calocarpum mammosum (L.) Pierre • Calospermum
mammosum (L.) Pierre • Gambeya mammosa (L.) Pierre • Lucuma mammosa (L.) C.F.Gaertn. • Lucuma zapota (L.) Urb. • Manilkara achras (Mill.) Fosberg • Manilkara breviloba Gilly • Manilkara calderonii Gilly • Manilkara conzattii Gilly • Manilkara gaumeri Gilly
• Manilkara grisebachii (Pierre) Dubard • Manilkara meridionalis Gilly • Manilkara rojasii Gilly • Manilkara striata Gilly • Manilkara tabogaensis Gilly • Manilkara zapotilla (Jacq.) Gilly • Manilkariopsis lobulata Lundell • Manilkariopsis meridionalis (Gilly)
Lundell • Manilkariopsis petenensis Lundell • Manilkariopsis rojasii (Gilly) Lundell • Manilkariopsis striata (Gilly) Lundell • Manilkariopsis tabogaensis (Gilly) Lundell • Mimusops grisebachii Pierre • Nispero achras (Mill.) Aubrév. • Pouteria mammosa (L.)
Cronquist • Sapota achras Mill. • Sapota zapotilla (Jacq.) Coville ex Safford • Vitellaria mammosa (L.) Radlk. See also[edit] • Sapote ** Ficus religiosa From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Sacred fig Ficus religiosa Leaves and trunk of a sacred fig. Note
the distinctive leaf shape like a heart. Scientific classification Kingdom: Plantae (unranked): Angiosperms (unranked): Eudicots (unranked): Rosids Order: Rosales Family: Moraceae Genus: Ficus Species: F. religiosa Binomial name Ficus religiosa L. 1753 not
Forssk. 1775 Synonyms[1] • Ficus caudata Stokes • Ficus peepul Griff. • Ficus religiosa var. cordata Miq. • Ficus religiosa var. rhynchophylla Miq. • Ficus rhynchophylla Steud. • Ficus superstitiosa Link • Urostigma affine Miq. • Urostigma religiosum (L.)
Gasp. Ficus religiosa or sacred fig is a species of fig native to the Indian subcontinent,[2] and Indochina.[3] It belongs to the Moraceae, the fig or mulberry family. It is also known as the bodhi tree,[4] pippala tree, peepul tree,[2] peepal tree or ashwattha
tree (in India and Nepal).[5] Contents [show] Description[edit] Ficus religiosa is a large dry season-deciduous or semi-evergreen tree up to 30 metres (98 ft) tall and with a trunk diameter of up to 3 metres (9.8 ft). The leaves are cordate in shape with a
distinctive extended drip tip; they are 10–17 centimetres (3.9–6.7 in) long and 8–12 centimetres (3.1–4.7 in) broad, with a 6–10 centimetres (2.4–3.9 in) petiole. The fruits are small figs 1–1.5 centimetres (0.39–0.59 in) in diameter, green ripening to purple.
The leaves of this tree move continuously even when the air around is still and no perceptible wind is blowing. This phenomenon can be explained due to the long leaf stalk and the broad leaf structure. However, religious minded people in Hindu/Buddhist religion
attribute this movement of the leaves to the fact that "devas" or "gods" reside on these leaves and make it move continuously. In religion[edit] The Ficus religiosa tree is considered sacred by the followers of Hinduism, Jainism and Buddhism. In the Bhagavad
Gita, Krishna says, "I am the Peepal tree among the trees, Narada among the sages, Chitraaratha among the Gandharvas, And sage Kapila among the Siddhas."[6] Buddhism[edit] Main article: Bodhi tree The Bodhi Tree at the Mahabodhi Temple. Propagated from the
Sri Maha Bodhi, which in turn is propagated from the original Bodhi Tree at this location. Gautama Buddha attained enlightenment (bodhi) while meditating underneath a Ficus religiosa. The site is in present-day Bodh Gaya in Bihar, India. The original tree
was destroyed, and has been replaced several times. A branch of the original tree was rooted in Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka in 288 BCE and is known as Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi; it is the oldest flowering plant (angiosperm) in the world.[7] In Theravada Buddhist Southeast
Asia, the tree's massive trunk is often the site of Buddhist or animist shrines. Not all Ficus religiosa can be called a Bodhi Tree. A Bodhi Tree must be able to trace its parent to another Bodhi Tree and the line goes on until the first Bodhi Tree under which
Gautama is said to have gained enlightenment.[8] Hinduism[edit] Typical example of aerial roots Sadhus (Hindu ascetics) still meditate beneath sacred fig trees, and Hindus do pradakshina(circumambulation, or meditative pacing) around the sacred fig tree as
a mark of worship. Usually seven pradakshinas are done around the tree in the morning time chanting "vriksha rajaya namah", meaning "salutation to the king of trees." It claimed that the 27 stars (constellations) constituting 12 houses (rasis) and 9 planets
are specifically represented precisely by 27 trees—one for each star. The Bodhi Tree is said to represent Pushya (Western star name γ, δ and θ Cancri in the Cancer constellation). Plaksa is a possible Sanskrit term for Ficus religiosa. However, according to
Macdonell and Keith(1912), it denotes the wavy-leaved fig tree (Ficus infectoria) instead. In Hindu texts, the Plaksa tree is associated with the source of the Sarasvati River. The Skanda Purana states that the Sarasvati originates from the water pot of Brahma
flows from Plaksa on the Himalayas. According to Vamana Purana 32.1-4, the Sarasvati was rising from the Plaksa tree (Pipal tree).[9] Plaksa Pra-sravanadenotes the place where the Sarasvati appears.[10] In the Rigveda Sutras, Plaksa Pra-sravana refers to the
source of the Sarasvati.[11] Vernacular names[edit] Example of fruits Typical shape of the leaf of the Ficus religiosa The Ficus religiosa tree is known by a wide range of vernacular names, including: • in Indic languages: • Sanskrit — अश्वत्थः aśvatthaḥ vṛksha,
pippala vṛksha (vṛksha means "tree") • Hindi - Peepal - पीपल • Bengali language — অশ্বথ, i.e. ashwath, পিপুল, i.e. pipul • Tamil — அரசு, அரச மரம் arasa maram (Literally "king" or "king's tree"; arasu or arasan is Tamil for "king") • Telugu — రావి చెట్టు raavi
chettu • Kannada — araLi mara ಅರಳಿ ಮರ • Konkani — pimpalla rook/jhadd • Malayalam — അരയാല് arayaal • Gujarati — પિપળો (pipdo) • Punjabi — Pippal - ਪਿੱਪਲ/ پپل • Bhojpuri — pippar • Maithili (मैथिली) — पीपर (peepar) • Marathi — पिंपळ pimpaL (where L is as in
for example Nagold) • Mahal — އަޝްވަތި ގަސް (aśvati gas) • Odia — ଅଶ୍ୱତ୍ଥ (ashwatth) • Pali — assattha; rukkha • Nepali (नेपाली) — पीपल (peepal or pipal) • Sinhala — ඇසතු esathu • Chinese — 菩提樹 (pútíshù, bodhi tree) • Thai — โพธิ์ (pho) • Burmese — ဗောဓိညောင်ပင်
(Bodhi nyaung pin), ဗောဓိပင် (Bodhi pin) • Vietnamese — bồ-đề • Urdu — peepal پیپل • Cuban Spanish - alamo • Tagalog - ballete Cultivation[edit] Ficus religiosa is grown by specialty tree plant nurseries for use as an ornamental tree, in gardens and parks
in tropical and subtropical climates. Peepal trees are native to India and thrive in hot, humid weather. They prefer full sunlight and can grow in most soil types, though loam is the best. When planting, use soil with a pH of 7 or below. While it is possible
for the plant to grow indoors in a pot, it grows best outside. Young peepal needs proper nourishment. It requires full sunlight and proper watering. Uses[edit] Ficus religiosa is used in traditional medicine for about 50 types of disorders including asthma,
diabetes, diarrhea, epilepsy, gastric problems, inflammatory disorders, infectious and sexual disorders.[12][13] See also[edit] • Bodhi Tree • Shitala Devi • Sri Maha Bodhi Notes[edit] 1. Jump up^ The Plant List, Ficus religiosa L. 2. ^ Jump up to:a b Chisholm,
Hugh, ed. (1911). "Peepul". Encyclopædia Britannica. 21 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 45. 3. Jump up^ "Ficus religiosa". Germplasm Resources Information Network(GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture
(USDA). Retrieved 29 January 2017. 4. Jump up^ Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford University Press, 1971, p. 1014 5. Jump up^ "Ficus religiosa — Peepal". Flowers of India. Archived from the original on February 14, 2012. Retrieved November 3, 2011. 6. Jump
up^ "The Bhagavad Gita - Chapter 10 - The Yoga of Manifestation". santosha.com. 7. Jump up^ "Rocky Mountain Tree-Ring Research, OLDLIST". Retrieved July 3, 2011. 8. Jump up^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Bo-Tree". Encyclopædia Britannica. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge
University Press. p. 305. 9. Jump up^ D.S. Chauhan in Radhakrishna, B.P. and Merh, S.S. (editors): Vedic Sarasvati, 1999, p. 35–44 10. Jump up^ Pancavimsa Brahmana, Jaiminiya Upanisad Brahmana, Katyayana Srauta Sutra, Latyayana Srauta; Macdonell and Keith
1912 11. Jump up^ Asvalayana Srauta Sutra, Sankhayana Srauta Sutra; Macdonell and Keith 1912, II:55 12. Jump up^ Singh D, Singh B, Goel RK "Traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Ficus religiosa: a review." J Ethnopharmacol. February 3, 2011.
13. Jump up^ Damanpreet Singh; Bikram Singh; Rajesh Kumar Goela (April 12, 2011). "Journal of Ethnopharmacology : Traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Ficus religiosa: A review". Journal of Ethnopharmacology. ScienceDirect. 134 (3): 565–583.
PMID 21296646. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2011.01.046. References[edit] • Keith and Macdonell. 1912. Vedic Index of Names and Subjects. • Plaksa description External links[edit] Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Ficus religiosa (category) Wikispecies has information
related to: Ficus religiosa Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article Bo-Tree. • Entry on Bodhi Tree in the Buddhist Dictionary of Pali Proper Names • "Peepul". Encyclopedia Americana. 1920. [show] • v • t • e Worship in Hinduism
Categories: • Ficus • Sacred trees • Sacred trees in Hinduism • Trees of the Indian Subcontinent • Trees of Indo-China • Plants described in 1753 • National symbols of Nepal • Plants used in traditional Chinese medicine • Epiphytes • Garden plants of Asia
• Ornamental trees • Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
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