ایمنی شناسی

ایمنی‌شناسی یا ایمونولوژی یکی از شاخه‌های زیست‌شناسی است که به بررسی انواع واکنش ایمنی جانداران در برابر آنتی ژن‌های بیگانه و روند ایجاد مصونیت در برابر عوامل بیماریزا می‌پردازد.

ایمونولوژی علم شناخت، بررسی و اثبات سیستم‌های دخیل در ایمنی بدن است. سیستم ایمنی بدن سیستمی پیچیده و در نهایت دقت می‌باشد که شامل اعضاء متنوع، با عملکردی متفاوت و مرتبط می باشند که در صورت کوچکترین تداخل و ناهماهنگی در انجام وظایف اعضاء آن امکان پیدایش اختلالات و ظهور عوارضی وخیم و بعضا غیر قابل برگشت وجود دارد. از جمله اعضاء اصلی و فرعی این سیستم می توان به سلولها (مانند لنفوسیتها، مونوسیتها، ماکروفاژها و سلولهای فرعی و تخصصی دیگر) ، بافت ها (بافتهای لنفاوی، بافت پوششی و ...) و مولکول‌های محلول در خون (مانند آنتی بادی ها، کمپلمان و سایتوکاینها و ... ) اشاره کرد.
منبع [ویرایش]

* ایمونولوژی سلولی و مولکولی ابوالعباس؛ نویسنده: ابول عباس؛ ترجمه مهرداد رشدی بنام، احمد مسعود؛ ناشر: کتاب میر؛ شابک: 964-6449-14-X


نماد خرد این یک نوشتار خُرد پزشکی است. با گسترش آن به ویکی‌پدیا کمک کنید.
ن • ب • و
[نهفتن]
ن • ب • و
علوم بهداشت و پزشکی
رشته‌ها
و
تخصص‌ها
جراحی
جراحی قلب • جراحی قلب و سینه • جراحی عمومی • جراحی مغز و اعصاب • چشم‌پزشکی • جراحی دهان و فک و صورت • جراحی ارتوپدی • جراحی دست • جراحی گوش و حلق و بینی • جراحی اطفال • جراحی پلاستیک • جراحی انکولوژی • جراحی قفسه سینه • جراحی پیوند عضو • جراحی تراما • جراحی عروق • جراحی مجاری ادراری • جراحی باروری و ناباروری
پزشکی داخلی
آلرژی/ایمنی‌شناسی • آندرولوژی • پزشکی عروق • پزشکی قلب • غدد داخلی • گاستروانترولوژی(کبدشناسی) • خون‌شناسی • پیرپزشکی • بیماری‌های عفونی • کلیه‌شناسی • سرطان‌شناسی • ریه‌شناسی • روماتولوژی
تشخیص
علم بهداشت (بیوشیمی بالینی • ایمنی‌شناسی بالینی • میکروبیولوژی پزشکی • پاتولوژی سلولی • علوم تزریق) • پرتوشناسی (پزشکی هسته‌ای • پرتوشناسی مداخله‌ای) • آسیب‌شناسی (کالبدشناختی، بالینی) • نوروفیزیولوژی بالینی
دیگر تخصص‌ها
هوشبری • فیزیک پزشکی • پوست‌شناسی • طب حوادث غیرمترقبه • طب اورژانس • پزشکی خانواده • پزشکی عمومی • طب سالمندان • پزشکی مغز و اعصاب • پزشکی زنان و زایمان (پزشکی باروری و ناباروری) • طب کار • مراقبت تسکینی • پزشکی کودکان • فیزیوتراپی • پیشگیری • روان‌پزشکی • پزشکی اجتماعی • ژن‌شناسی پزشکی • پرتو درمانی • پزشکی ورزشی • پزشکی فیزیکی و توانبخشی
متفرقه
پزشکی بیومدیکال • همه‌گیرشناسی • تاریخ پزشکی • پزشکی بیمارستان • آموزش پزشکی • ژنتیک پزشکی • دانشکده طب • پزشکی اوستئوپاتیک • داروسازی • پزشک • دندان‌پزشکی • دام‌پزشکی • دستیار پزشک • دستیار پیشگیری • پزشکی قانونی
جستجو در ویکی‌انبار در ویکی‌انبار پرونده‌هایی دربارهٔ ایمنی‌شناسی موجود است.

برگرفته از «http://fa.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ایمنی‌شناسی&oldid=6334954»
رده‌های صفحه:

* ایمنی‌شناسی
* علوم پایه پزشکی
از ویکی پدیا
قس عربی
علم المناعة هو أحد الفروع الطبیة الحیویة الواسعة یغطی دراسة جمیع مناحی الجهاز المناعی فی جمیع المتعضیات. یتعامل علم المناعة الوظائف الفیزیولوجیة للجهاز المناعی فی حالات الصحة والمرض، اضطرابات الجهاز المناعی فی الأمراض المناعیة (أمراض المناعة الذاتیة، الحساسیة الفائقة، العجز المناعی immune deficiency، رفض الزرع الحیوی)، یدرس أیضا الخاصیات الفیزیائیة والکیمیائیة والفیزیولوجیة لمکونات الجهاز المناعی سواء فی الوسط الخلوی الصنعی (in vitro) أو فی الوسط الحیوی. لعلم المناعة أیضا تطبیقات فی علوم طبیة أخرى عدیدة. یهتم علم المناعة بدراسة کل الآلیات التی تمکن الجسم من الحفاظ على تمامیته أی تمییز کل ما هو ذاتی والحفاظ علیه وغیر الذاتی للتخلص منه.

عناصر الغیر الذاتیI

الجراثیم : البکتیریات، الفیروسات الفطریات والحیوانات الأولیة

الأعضاء والأنسجة الأجنبیة عن الجسم.

خلایا الجسم الشاذة : الخلایا المسنة أو السرطانیة

تمییز الجسم بین ما هو ذاتی وغیر ذاتی
[عدل] وصلات خارجیة

* BMC: Immunology- BioMed Central:Immunology is an open access journal publishing original peer-reviewed research articles.
* Nature Reviews Immunology (journal home)
* Janeway's Immunobiology textbook Searchable free online version at the National Center for Biotechnology Information
* Overview at Medical College of Georgia
* MUGEN NoE murine models for immunological disease

[أظهر]
ع • ن • ت
علوم الصحة الطب
التخصّصات و
التخصّصات الفرعیة
الجراحة

علم التخذیر • جراحة القلب • جراحة القلب والصدر • جراحة عامّة • جراحة عصبیة • جراحة الفم والوجه والفکین • Orthopedic surgery (Hand surgery) • Otolaryngology (ENT) • Pediatric surgery • Plastic surgery • Podiatry • Proctology • Surgical oncology • Thoracic surgery • Transplant surgery • Trauma surgery • طب الجهاز البولی • Vascular surgery
الطب الباطنی

طب القلب • Endocrinology • Gastroenterology • Geriatrics • علم الدم • Hepatology • مرض معدی • Intensive care medicine • Nephrology • Oncology • طب الصدر • Rheumatology
التشخیص

Clinical laboratory علوم (Cellular علم الأمراض, کیمیاء سریریة, علم الدم, Clinical microbiology, علم المناعة, Transfusion medicine) • علم الأشعة (Interventional radiology, Nuclear Medicine) • Pathology (Anatomical, Clinical) • Clinical neurophysiology
تخصّصات أخرى

أرجیة و علم المناعة • Andrology • طب الأمراض الجلدیة • Disaster medicine • Emergency medicine • Family medicine • General practice • Gynaecology/Obstetrics • طب الأمراض العصبیة • Obstetrics and gynaecology (Fertility medicine) • Reproductive medicine • Occupational medicine • طب العیون • Palliative care • Pediatrics/Adolescent medicine • Physical medicine and rehabilitation (Physiatry) • Preventive medicine (Public health) • Psychiatry • Sleep medicine • Sports medicine
أخرى

Biomedical research • وبائیات • تاریخ الطب • الطب الاستشفائی • ثقافة طبیة • Medical genetics • کلیّة الطب • Osteopathic medicine • Personalized medicine • صیدلة • Physician (MD/MBBS and DO) • DPM • Physician assistant • Predictive medicine
[أظهر]
ع • ن • ت
الجهازالمناعی / علم المناعة
أنظمة مناعیة
جهاز مناعی مکتسب یقابله جهاز مناعی فطری • جهاز مناعی خلطی یقابله جهاز مناعی خلوی • الجهازالمتمم (ذیفان تأقی) • جهاز لمفاوی • کریات الدم البیضاء • أضداد • مستضدات • (معقد التوافق النسیجی) • الجهاز المتمم
الأضداد والمستضدات
أضداد {أضداد وحیدة النسیلة، أضداد متعددة النسیلة، (ضد ذاتی (مناعة)أضداد ذاتیة} • نمط ألیلی • نمط أسوی • نمط ذاتی • مستضد (مستضد فوقی)
خلایا مناعیة
الخلایا البیضاء (خلایا تائیة، خلایا بائیة، خلایا فاتکة طبیعیة، خلایا بدینة، خلایا أسسة، خلایا حمضة) • بالعات (عدلات، البالعات الکبیرة، خلایا متغضنة) • خلایا حاملة للمستضدات • الجملة الشبکیة البطانیة
المناعة مقابل التحمل
المناعة • مناعة ذاتیة • الحساسیة • التحمل المناعی (التحمل المرکزی) • نقص مناعی
وراثیات مناعیة
فرط الطفرات • إعادة اتحاد VDJ • تغیر صف الغلوبلولین المناعی • معقد التوافق النسیجی • مستضادات الکریات البیض البشریة تعرف اختصارا بـ "هلا"
غیرها
سیتوکینات • الالتهاب • أوبسونین

تم الاسترجاع من "http://ar.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=علم_المناعة&oldid=8227232"
تصنیفان:

* علم المناعة
* مواد الدراسة الطبیة
قس ترکی
İmmünoloji, Tıbbın bağışıklık ve farklı organizmaların bağışıklık sistemleri ile ilgilenen alt dalı. Türkçeye, Fransızca "immunologie" kelimesinden türeyerek gelmiştir[1]. Türkçe "bağışıklık bilimi" olarak da adlandırılır. Birçok farklı konuyu kapsayan bilim dalı özellikle organizmaların bağışıklık sistemlerinin sağlıklı oldukları veya hastalıklı oldukları durumlardaki hâli ve fizyolojik işlevleri ile insanların bağışıklık sistemlerinin uygunsuz bir şekilde işlemesi sonucu oluşan immünolojik bozuklukları (örneğin otoimmün bozukluklar) kapsar. Ayrıca immünoloji bağışıklık sisteminin çeşitli öğelerinin in vivo, in situ ve in vitro şekillerde araştırılması ve incelenmesini de içerir.

İmmünoloji oldukça geniş bir daldır ve birçok alt dala sahiptir; immünoterapi, immünogenetik ve evrimsel immünoloji gibi. Ayrıca farklı bilimsel disiplinlerde immünolojik bulgular kullanılabilir, immünolojik yönler olabilir.
[gizle]
g • t • d
Biyolojinin genel alanları
Anatomi • Bakteriyoloji • Biyocoğrafya • Biyofizik • Biyokimya • Biyometri • Botanik • Deniz biyolojisi • Doku bilimi • Ekoloji • Embriyoloji • Entomoloji • Etoloji • Evrimsel biyoloji • Filogeni • Fizyoloji • Gelişim biyolojisi • Genetik • İhtiyoloji • İmmünoloji • Kriyobiyoloji • Limnoloji • Mikrobiyoloji • Moleküler biyoloji • Morfoloji • Nörobiyoloji • Ontojeni • Ornitoloji • Paleontoloji • Parazitoloji • Patoloji • Sitoloji • Sosyobiyoloji • Taksonomi • Tıp • Uzay biyolojisi • Viroloji • Zooloji
Star of life.svg Tıp ile ilgili bu madde bir taslaktır. İçeriğini geliştirerek Vikipedi'ye katkıda bulunabilirsiniz.
Kaynakça [değiştir]

1. ^ "immünoloji". TDK Güncel Türkçe Sözlük. URL erişim tarihi: 4 Kasım 2007.


Dış Kaynak [değiştir]

* National Immunization Program Childhood Immunization Initiative

"http://tr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=İmmünoloji&oldid=10859089" adresinden alındı.
Kategoriler:

* Tıp taslakları
* İmmünoloji
قس انگلیسی
Immunology is a branch of biomedical science that covers the study of all aspects of the immune system in all organisms.[1] It deals with the physiological functioning of the immune system in states of both health and diseases; malfunctions of the immune system in immunological disorders (autoimmune diseases, hypersensitivities, immune deficiency, transplant rejection); the physical, chemical and physiological characteristics of the components of the immune system in vitro, in situ, and in vivo. Immunology has applications in several disciplines of science, and as such is further divided.
Contents

* 1 Histological examination of the immune system
* 2 Classical immunology
* 3 Clinical immunology
* 4 Developmental immunology
* 5 Immunotherapy
* 6 Diagnostic immunology
* 7 Evolutionary immunology
* 8 Reproductive immunology
* 9 Immunologist
* 10 See also
* 11 References
* 12 External links

[edit] Histological examination of the immune system

Even before the concept of immunity (from immunis, Latin for "exempt") was developed, numerous early physicians characterized organs that would later prove to be part of the immune system. The key primary lymphoid organs of the immune system are the thymus and bone marrow, and secondary lymphatic tissues such as spleen, tonsils, lymph vessels, lymph nodes, adenoids, and skin and liver. When health conditions warrant, immune system organs including the thymus, spleen, portions of bone marrow, lymph nodes and secondary lymphatic tissues can be surgically excised for examination while patients are still alive.

Many components of the immune system are actually cellular in nature and not associated with any specific organ but rather are embedded or circulating in various tissues located throughout the body.
[edit] Classical immunology

Classical immunology ties in with the fields of epidemiology and medicine. It studies the relationship between the body systems, pathogens, and immunity. The earliest written mention of immunity can be traced back to the plague of Athens in 430 BCE. Thucydides noted that people who had recovered from a previous bout of the disease could nurse the sick without contracting the illness a second time. Many other ancient societies have references to this phenomenon, but it was not until the 19th and 20th centuries before the concept developed into scientific theory.

The study of the molecular and cellular components that comprise the immune system, including their function and interaction, is the central science of immunology. The immune system has been divided into a more primitive innate immune system, and acquired or adaptive immune system of vertebrates, the latter of which is further divided into humoral and cellular components.

The humoral (antibody) response is defined as the interaction between antibodies and antigens. Antibodies are specific proteins released from a certain class of immune cells (B lymphocytes). Antigens are defined as anything that elicits generation of antibodies, hence they are Antibody Generators. Immunology itself rests on an understanding of the properties of these two biological entities. However, equally important is the cellular response, which can not only kill infected cells in its own right, but is also crucial in controlling the antibody response. Put simply, both systems are highly interdependent.

In the 21st century, immunology has broadened its horizons with much research being performed in the more specialized niches of immunology. This includes the immunological function of cells, organs and systems not normally associated with the immune system, as well as the function of the immune system outside classical models of immunity (Yemeserach 2010).
[edit] Clinical immunology

Clinical immunology is the study of diseases caused by disorders of the immune system (failure, aberrant action, and malignant growth of the cellular elements of the system). It also involves diseases of other systems, where immune reactions play a part in the pathology and clinical features.

The diseases caused by disorders of the immune system fall into two broad categories: immunodeficiency, in which parts of the immune system fail to provide an adequate response (examples include chronic granulomatous disease), and autoimmunity, in which the immune system attacks its own host's body (examples include systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, Hashimoto's disease and myasthenia gravis). Other immune system disorders include different hypersensitivities, in which the system responds inappropriately to harmless compounds (asthma and other allergies) or responds too intensely.

The most well-known disease that affects the immune system itself is AIDS, caused by HIV. AIDS is an immunodeficiency characterized by the lack of CD4+ ("helper") T cells, dendritic cells and macrophages, which are destroyed by HIV.

Clinical immunologists also study ways to prevent transplant rejection, in which the immune system attempts to destroy allografts.
[edit] Developmental immunology

The body’s capability to react to antigen depends on a person's age, antigen type, maternal factors and the area where the antigen is presented.[2] Neonates are said to be in a state of physiological immunodeficiency, because both their innate and adaptive immunological responses are greatly suppressed. Once born, a child’s immune system responds favorably to protein antigens while not as well to glycoproteins and polysaccharides. In fact, many of the infections acquired by neonates are caused by low virulence organisms like Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas. In neonates, opsonic activity and the ability to activate the complement cascade is very limited. For example, the mean level of C3 in a newborn is approximately 65% of that found in the adult. Phagocytic activity is also greatly impaired in newborns. This is due to lower opsonic activity, as well as diminished up-regulation of integrin and selectin receptors, which limit the ability of neutrophils to interact with adhesion molecules in the endothelium. Their monocytes are slow and have a reduced ATP production, which also limits the newborns phagocytic activity. Although, the number of total lymphocytes is significantly higher than in adults, the cellular and humoral immunity is also impaired. Antigen presenting cells in newborns have a reduced capability to activate T cells. Also, T cells of a newborn proliferate poorly and produce very small amounts of cytokines like IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-12, and IFN-g which limits their capacity to activate the humoral response as well as the phagocitic activity of macrophage. B cells develop early in gestation but are not fully active.[3]
Monocytes: An Artist's Impression

Maternal factors also play a role in the body’s immune response. At birth most of the immunoglobulin is present is maternal IgG. Because IgM, IgD, IgE and IgA don’t cross the placenta, they are almost undetectable at birth. Although some IgA is provided in breast milk. These passively acquired antibodies can protect the newborn up to 18 months, but their response is usually short-lived and of low affinity.[3] These antibodies can also produce a negative response. If a child is exposed to the antibody for a particular antigen before being exposed to the antigen itself then the child will produce a dampened response. Passively acquired maternal antibodies can suppress the antibody response to active immunization. Similarly the response of T-cells to vaccination differs in children compared to adults, and vaccines that induce Th1 responses in adults do not readily elicit these same responses in neonates.[3] By 6-9 months after birth, a child’s immune system begins to respond more strongly to glycoproteins. Not until 12-24 months of age is there a marked improvement in the body’s response to polysaccharides. This can be the reason for the specific time frames found in vaccination schedules.[4][5]

During adolescence the human body undergoes several physical, physiological and immunological changes. These changes are started and mediated by different hormones. Depending on the sex either testosterone or 17-β-oestradiol, act on male and female bodies accordingly, start acting at ages of 12 and 10 years.[6]

There is evidence that these steroids act directly not only on the primary and secondary sexual characteristics, but also have an effect on the development and regulation of the immune system.[7]

There is an increased risk in developing autoimmunity for pubescent and post pubescent females and males.[8] There is also some evidence that cell surface receptors on B cells and macrophages may detect sex hormones in the system.[9]

The female sex hormone 17-β-oestradiol has been shown to regulate the level of immunological response.[10] Similarly, some male androgens, like testosterone, seem to suppress the stress response to infection; but other androgens like DHEA have the opposite effect, as it increases the immune response instead of down playing it.[11] As in females, the male sex hormones seem to have more control of the immune system during puberty and the time right after than in fully developed adults. Other than hormonal changes physical changes like the involution of the Thymus during puberty will also affect the immunological response of the subject or patient.[12]
[edit] Immunotherapy
Main article: Immunotherapy

The use of immune system components to treat a disease or disorder is known as immunotherapy. Immunotherapy is most commonly used in the context of the treatment of cancers together with chemotherapy (drugs) and radiotherapy (radiation). However, immunotherapy is also often used in the immunosuppressed (such as HIV patients) and people suffering from other immune deficiencies or autoimmune diseases.
[edit] Diagnostic immunology
Main article: Diagnostic immunology

The specificity of the bond between antibody and antigen has made it an excellent tool in the detection of substances in a variety of diagnostic techniques. Antibodies specific for a desired antigen can be conjugated with a radiolabel, fluorescent label, or color-forming enzyme and are used as a "probe" to detect it. However, the similarity between some antigens can lead to false positives and other errors in such tests by antibodies cross-reacting with antigens that aren't exact matches.[13]
[edit] Evolutionary immunology

Study of the immune system in extant species is capable of giving us a key understanding of the evolution of species and the immune system.

A development of complexity of the immune system can be seen from simple phagocytotic protection of single celled organisms, to circulating antimicrobial peptides in insects to lymphoid organs in vertebrates. However, it is important to recognize that every organism living today has an immune system that has evolved to be absolutely capable of protecting it from most forms of harm; those organisms that did not adapt their immune systems to external threats are no longer around to be observed.

Insects and other arthropods, while not possessing true adaptive immunity, show highly evolved systems of innate immunity, and are additionally protected from external injury (and exposure to pathogens) by their chitinous shells.
[edit] Reproductive immunology
Main article: Reproductive immunology

This area of the immunology is devoted to the study of immunological aspects of the reproductive process including fetus acceptance. The term has also been used by fertility clinics to address fertility problems, recurrent miscarriages, premature deliveries, and dangerous complications such as pre-eclampsia.
[edit] Immunologist
Immunologist Occupation
Activity sectors Science, Laboratory, Medicine
Description
Education required Doctor of Philosophy, Doctor of Medicine, Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine

According to the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology (AAAAI), "an immunologist is a research scientist who investigates the immune system of vertebrates (including the human immune system). Immunologists include research scientists (Ph.D.) who work in laboratories. Immunologists also include physicians who, for example, treat patients with immune system disorders. Some immunologists are physician-scientists who combine laboratory research with patient care."[14]
[edit] See also

* Outline of immunology
* List of immunologists
* Immunomics
* History of immunology
* Osteoimmunology
* International Reviews of Immunology

[edit] References

1. ^ Janeway's Immunobiology textbook Searchable free online version at the National Center for Biotechnology Information
2. ^ Goldsby RA, Kindt TK, Osborne BA and Kuby J (2003). Immunology (5th ed.). San Francisco: W.H. Freeman. ISBN 0-7167-4947-5.
3. ^ a b c Jaspan HB, Lawn SD, Safrit JT, Bekker LG (February 2006). "The maturing immune system: implications for development and testing HIV-1 vaccines for children and adolescents". AIDS 20 (4): 483–94. doi:10.1097/01.aids.0000210602.40267.60. PMID 16470112.
4. ^ Glezen WP (December 2001). "Maternal vaccines". Prim. Care 28 (4): 791–806, vi–vii. doi:10.1016/S0095-4543(05)70041-5. PMID 11739030.
5. ^ Holt PG, Macaubas C, Cooper D, Nelson DJ, McWilliam AS (1997). "Th-1/Th-2 switch regulation in immune responses to inhaled antigens. Role of dendritic cells in the aetiology of allergic respiratory disease". Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 417: 301–6. PMID 9286377.
6. ^ Sizonenko PC, Paunier L (November 1975). "Hormonal changes in puberty III: Correlation of plasma dehydroepiandrosterone, testosterone, FSH, and LH with stages of puberty and bone age in normal boys and girls and in patients with Addison's disease or hypogonadism or with premature or late adrenarche". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 41 (5): 894–904. doi:10.1210/jcem-41-5-894. PMID 127002.
7. ^ Verthelyi D (June 2001). "Sex hormones as immunomodulators in health and disease". Int. Immunopharmacol. 1 (6): 983–93. doi:10.1016/S1567-5769(01)00044-3. PMID 11407317.
8. ^ Stimson WH (September 1988). "Oestrogen and human T lymphocytes: presence of specific receptors in the T-suppressor/cytotoxic subset". Scand. J. Immunol. 28 (3): 345–50. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1988.tb01459.x. PMID 2973658.
9. ^ Benten WP, Stephan C, Wunderlich F (June 2002). "B cells express intracellular but not surface receptors for testosterone and estradiol". Steroids 67 (7): 647–54. doi:10.1016/S0039-128X(02)00013-2. PMID 11996938.
10. ^ Beagley KW, Gockel CM (August 2003). "Regulation of innate and adaptive immunity by the female sex hormones oestradiol and progesterone". FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol. 38 (1): 13–22. doi:10.1016/S0928-8244(03)00202-5. PMID 12900050.
11. ^ Kanda N, Tamaki K (February 1999). "Estrogen enhances immunoglobulin production by human PBMCs". J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 103 (2 Pt 1): 282–8. doi:10.1016/S0091-6749(99)70503-8. PMID 9949320.
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14. ^ "Office of Science Education - LifeWorks - Immunologist". http://science.education.nih.gov/LifeWorks.nsf/Alphabetical+List/Immunologist. Retrieved 2009-09-10.

[edit] External links
At Wikiversity you can learn more and teach others about Immunology at:
The Department of Immunology

* The Immunology Link, a rich resource for Immunology information
* American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology
* British Society for Immunology
* Annual Review of Immunology (journal)
* BMC: Immunology- BioMed Central:Immunology is an open access journal publishing original peer-reviewed research articles.
* journal home Nature Reviews Immunology
* The Immunology Database and Analysis Portal - an NIAID-funded database resource of reference and experiment data covering the entire immunology domain
* Current discussions on Immunology in a scientific community


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Immunology: Lymphocytic adaptive immune system and complement
Lymphoid
Antigens


Antigen (Superantigen, Allergen) • Hapten

Epitope (Linear, Conformational) • Mimotope
Antigen presentation/Professional APCs: Dendritic cell • Macrophage • B cell
Antibodies


Antibody (Monoclonal antibodies, Polyclonal antibodies, Autoantibody, Microantibody) • Polyclonal B cell response • Allotype • Isotype • Idiotype
Immune complex • Paratope
Immunity vs.
tolerance

action: Immunity • Autoimmunity • Alloimmunity • Allergy • Hypersensitivity • Inflammation • Cross-reactivity
inaction: Tolerance (Central, Peripheral, Clonal anergy, Clonal deletion, Tolerance in pregnancy) • Immunodeficiency
Immunogenetics

Affinity maturation (Somatic hypermutation, Clonal selection) • V(D)J recombination • Junctional diversity • Immunoglobulin class switching • MHC/HLA
Lymphocytes
Cellular (T cell) • Humoral (B cell) • NK cell
Substances
Cytokines • Opsonin • Cytolysin
Complement
Anaphylatoxins

M: LMC


cell/phys/auag/auab/comp, igrc


imdf/ipig/hyps/tumr


proc, drug(L3/4)

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Categories:

* Immunology
* Subjects taught in medical school