هرفروری

هرفروری بفتح ها و سکون را و فتح فا و کسر راء مهمله و سکون واو و کسر راء مهمله و یا لغت هندی است ماهیت آن ثمر درخت هندی است بزرک و شاخ آن انبوه و برک آن طولانی اندک عریض املس غیر مشرف و سبز شکفته در شاخهای باریک و در دو صف مقابل بهم و کل آن بسیار ریزه صندلی
رنک و ثمر آن مدور شش پهلو و ترش و در خامی سبز و بعد رسیدن زردرنک می کردد و آن را می خورند خام و پخته و مخلل آن را نیز ترتیب می دهند طبیعت آن سرد و تر در سوم افعال و خواص آن قامع صفرا و مسکن غلیان خون و حرارت و مولد بلغم است مخزن الادویه عقیلی خراسانی /////////////
چیکو نام یکی از میوه‌های گرمسیری با پوستی قهوه‌ای و مزه‌ای شیرین است. مزه آن نوعی شیرینی خاص است اما اگر میوه آن نرسیده باشد همچون خرمالو بسیار گس می‌باشد.. درخت چیکو، ساپودیلا نام دارد و صمغ آن درخت که پیشتر برای درست کردن سقِّز (آدامس) بکار می‌رفت چیکل نام
دارد. چیکو بومی منطقه یوکاتان است. همچنین درخت چیکو در استانهای سیستان و بلوچستان و هرمزگان کشت شده و شرایط آب و هوایی ومحیطی لازم برای رشد را دارد.در حال حاضر چیکو یکی از میوه های مورد علاقه ی مردم چابهار و سیستان و بلوچستانی ها است. ////////// قس سبوتة مألوفة
(الاسم العلمی:Manilkara zapota) هی نوع من النباتات یتبع جنس السبوتة من الفصیلة السبوتیة[1][2]. وأیضا تعرف باسمسابودیلا,[3] شجرة دائمة الاخضرار ذات عمر طویل موطنها جنوب المکسیک, أمریکا الوسطی و منطقة البحر الکاریبی.[4] وهی تنمو بشکل طبیعی علی سواحل ولایة یوکاتان
فی منطقة بیئیة تسمی بیتینیس مانجروفیس حیث تنمو کنوع شجرة فرعیة،[5] واستقدمت إلى الفلیبین وقت الاحتلال الإسبانی، و تزرع بکمیات هائلة فی تایلاند, الهند, مالیزیا, اندونیسیا, بنغلادیش, المکسیک وفی المناطق الجنوبیة من باکستان. اسم سبوتة "zapota" یأتی من أصول لغات
ناواتل عن طریق الکلمة الإسبانیة zapote تلفظ إسبانی: /sa'pote/." Sapodilla fruits being sold on a street at جونتور, الهند. Fruit, cross-section محتویات [أظهر] انظر أیضاً[عدل] • السبوتة • قائمة أنواع السبوتة صور[عدل] • Fruit & Spice Park, Homestead, Florida.
(1 of 4) • Fruit & Spice Park, Homestead, Florida. (2 of 4) • Fruit & Spice Park, Homestead, Florida. (3 of 4) • Fruit & Spice Park, Homestead, Florida. (4 of 4) دراسات علم الأحیاء[عدل] هناک دراسات تفید أن مواداً مستخلصة من أوراق هذه الشجرة أظهرت تأثیراً مضاداً
للسکری ومضاداً للتأکسد ومخفض للکولیسترول عند تجربته على الجرذان.[6] مقتطفات الأسیتون من البذور أظهرت تأثیرات مضادة للجراثیم کبیرة ضد سلالات الزائفة الزیتیة (بالإنجلیزیة: Pseudomonas oleovorans) وضمة الکولیرا (بالإنجلیزیة: Vibrio cholerae).[7] مرادفات الاسم
العلمی[عدل] • Achradelpha mammosa(L.) O.F.Cook • Achras breviloba (Gilly) Lundell • Achras calderonii (Gilly) Lundell • Achras conzattii (Gilly) Lundell • Achras coriacea Lundell • Achras cosaguico La Llave • Achras dactylina Lundell • Achras gaumeri (Gilly)
Lundell • Achras latiloba Lundell • Achras lobulata (Lundell) Lundell • Achras lucuma Blanco • Achras mammosa L. nom. illeg. • Achras meridionalis (Gilly) Lundell • Achras occidentalis Cels ex Ten. • Achras paludosa Lundell • Achras petenensis(Lundell) Lundell
• Achras rojasii (Gilly) Lundell • Achras sapatilla J.Paul & W.Arnold • Achras sapota f. aspermaM.Gómez • Achras sapota var.candollei Pierre • Achras sapota var.globosa Stokes • Achras sapota var. lobata(A.DC.) Pierre • Achras sapota var. ovalisStokes • Achras
sapota var.pedicellaris Pierre • Achras sapota var.sphaerica (A.DC.) Pierre • Achras striata (Gilly) Lundell • Achras tabogaensis (Gilly) Lundell • Achras tainteriana Lundell • Achras tchicomame Perr. • Achras verrucosa Stokes • Achras zapota L. • Achras zapota
var. majorJacq. • Achras zapota var.zapotilla Jacq. • Achras zapotilla (Jacq.) Nutt. • Calocarpum mammosum(L.) Pierre • Calospermum mammosum (L.) Pierre • Gambeya mammosa (L.) Pierre • Lucuma mammosa (L.) C.F.Gaertn. • Lucuma zapota (L.) Urb. • Lucuma zapota
var. anguaiRojas Acosta • Manilkara achras (Mill.) Fosberg • Manilkara breviloba Gilly • Manilkara calderonii Gilly • Manilkara conzattii Gilly • Manilkara gaumeri Gilly • Manilkara grisebachii(Pierre) Dubard • Manilkara meridionalisGilly • Manilkara rojasii
Gilly • Manilkara sapota (L.) Van Royen • Manilkara striata Gilly • Manilkara tabogaensisGilly • Manilkara zapotilla (Jacq.) Gilly • Manilkariopsis lobulataLundell • Manilkariopsis meridionalis (Gilly) Lundell • Manilkariopsis petenensisLundell • Manilkariopsis
rojasii(Gilly) Lundell • Manilkariopsis striata(Gilly) Lundell • Manilkariopsis tabogaensis (Gilly) Lundell • Mimusops grisebachiiPierre • Nispero achras (Mill.) Aubrév. • Pouteria mammosa (L.) Cronquist • Sapota achras Mill. • Sapota zapotilla (Jacq.) Coville
ex Safford • Vitellaria mammosa (L.) Radlk. مراجع[عدل] 1. ^ موقع لائحة النباتات (بالإنکلیزیة) The Plant List سبوتة مألوفة تاریخ الولوج 01 أغسطس 2013 2. ^ موقع زیبکودزو (بالإنکلیزیة) Zipcodezoo سبوتة مألوفة تاریخ الولوج 01 أغسطس 2013 3. ^ Morton, J. (1987).
"Sapodilla". In Julia F. Morton. Fruits of Warm Climates. Florida Flair Books, Miami, FL. صفحات 393–398. 4. ^ "Manilkara zapota (L.) P. Royen". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 1995-11-16. اطلع علیه بتاریخ2010-04-30.
5. ^ World Wildlife Fund. eds. Mark McGinley, C.Michael Hogan & C. Cleveland. 2010. Petenes mangroves. Encyclopedia of Earth. National Council for Science and the Environment. Washington DC 6. ^ Fayek NM, Monem AR, Mossa MY, Meselhy MR, Shazly AH (2012). "Chemical
and biological study of Manilkara zapota (L.) Van Royen leaves (Sapotaceae) cultivated in Egypt.". Pharmacognosy Res. 4 (2): 85–91. PMID 22518080. doi:10.4103/0974-8490.94723. 7. ^ Kothari V, Seshadri S (2010). "In vitro antibacterial activity in seed extracts
of Manilkara zapota, Anona squamosa, and Tamarindus indica.". Biol Res. 43(2): 165–8. PMID 21031260. doi:10.4067/S0716-97602010000200003. ///////////// قس در دیودهی(مالدیوی): ސަބުދެލި(ސައިންޓިފިކް ނަން: Manilkara zapota)ނުވަތަ (އިނގިރޭސި ބަހުން: Sapodilla)އަކީ
ގަހެއްގައި އަޅާ ފޮނިމޭވާ އެކެވެ. މި ދޮންވީމާ ފުށްގޮތެއް ހުރެއެވެ. މީގެ ބޭރުތޮށި ހުންނަނީ ވިލާތު އަލުވީގެ ތޮށީގައި ހުންނަ ކުލަޔާ ގާތް ކުލައެއްގައެވެ. ސަބުދެލި ގަސް ފުރަތަމަ ފެނުނީ މެކްސިކޯ އިންނެވެ. އެއަށްފަހު ފިލިޕީންސް އިންނެވެ. ސަބުދެލި ގަހަކީ 40-30 މީޓަރުގެ
އުސްމިނަށް ހެދޭ ގަހެކެވެ. ސަބުދެލީގެ ތަފާތު ވައްތަރު ތައް ހުރެއެވެ. ބައެއް ވައްތަރުގެ ސަބުދެލި ހުންނަނީ ވަށްކޮށެވެ. އަނެއް ބައި ވައްތަރު ހުންނަނީ ދިގުކޮށެވެ. ވަށް ސަބުދެލީގެ ވަށަމިނުގައި 8-4 ސމ ވަރު ހުރެއެވެ. އަދި ސަބުދެލީގެ އެތެރޭގައި 10-2 ވަރަކަށް އޮށް ހުރެއެވެ
////////// قس ساوو مانیلا در باسای اندونزی: Sawo manila (Manilkara zapota) adalah pohon buah yang berumur panjang. Pohon dan buahnya dikenal dengan beberapa nama seperti sawo (Ind., Jw.), sauh atau sauh manila, atau ciku (Mly.). Nama-namanya dalam berbagai
bahasa: tsiko (Filipina), ciku (Malaysia), chikoo atau sapota (India), sofeda(Bangladesh), xa pô chê atau hồng xiêm (Vietnam), rata-mi (Sri Lanka), lamoot (ละมุด) di Thailand, Laos dan Kamboja, níspero (Venezuela), sugardilly (Kep. Bahama), naseberry (Hindia
Barat), sapote (Nicaragua), sapoti(Brasil), sapotillier (bahasa Perancis) dan sapodilla (bahasa Inggris). /////////////// قس ساوو در باسای جاوی: Sawo (Manilkara zapota) iku woh-wohan ijo langgeng sing umuré dawa. Sawo uga bisa diarani neesbery|neesbery utawa
sapodilas|sapodilas[1]. Wit sawo akèh ditandur ing Nagara India, Sri Lanka, Filipina, Meksiko, Venezuela, Guatemala, lan Amérika Tengah. Ing Indonésia, lumrahé sawo didadékaké tanduran pekarangan kang bisa didhahar wohé, mligi ing laladan Sumatra Kulon,Jakarta,Jawa
Kulon, Jawa Tengah,Jawa Wétan, lan Nusa Tenggara Kulon[2]. Wiji sawo bentuké ireng utawa soklat semu ireng, gepeng tur gedhé. ////////// قس چیکو در پنجابی: چیکو اک بوٹے تے ایہدے فروٹ دا ناں اے۔ ایہدا اصل دیس میکسیکو تے کریبین اے۔چیکو لمے چر تک جینوالا تے سدا
ہرا رکھ اے۔ ////////// قس مانیلکارا زاپوتا در ترکی استانبولی: Manilkara zapota, sakız üretiminde kullanılan bir ağaçtır. Yaprakları iğne şeklindedir. Eski Kızılderili halkı bu ağaçtan sakızı elde ederek baharatlar ve bunu çiğnerdi. ///////// قس چیکو در اردو:
چیکو کا نباتاتی نام manilkara zapota ہے۔ اسے انگریزی میں sapodilla کہتے ہیں۔ اس کا چھلکا آلو کی طرح ہوتا ہے۔ اس میں دو سے لے کر دس تک کالے بیج ہوتے ہیں۔ یہ گول یا بیضوی، یعنی ایک طرف سے نوکدار شکل میں ہوتے ہیں۔ چیکو کا درخت سال میں دو مرتبہ پھل دیتا ہے۔ اس
کا ذائقہ میٹھا اور دار چینی جیسا جب کہ شکل سیب اور ناشپاتی جیسی ہوتی ہے۔چیکو کا ایک درخت سال میں دو ہزار پھل دیتا ہے۔ /////////////// Manilkara zapota From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Sapodilla Scientific classification Kingdom: Plantae (unranked): Angiosperms
(unranked): Eudicots (unranked): Asterids Order: Ericales Family: Sapotaceae Genus: Manilkara Species: M. zapota Binomial name Manilkara zapota (L.) P.Royen Synonyms See text Sapodilla, raw Fruit, cross-section Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz) Energy 347
kJ (83 kcal) Carbohydrates 19.96 g Dietary fiber 5.3 g Fat 1.1 g Protein 0.44 g Vitamins Riboflavin (B2) (2%) 0.02 mg Niacin (B3) (1%) 0.2 mg Pantothenic acid (B5) (5%) 0.252 mg Vitamin B6 (3%) 0.037 mg Folate (B9) (4%) 14 μg Vitamin C (18%) 14.7 mg Minerals
Calcium (2%) 21 mg Iron (6%) 0.8 mg Magnesium (3%) 12 mg Phosphorus (2%) 12 mg Potassium (4%) 193 mg Sodium (1%) 12 mg Zinc (1%) 0.1 mg ________________________________________ Link to USDA Database entry • Units • μg = micrograms • mg = milligrams • IU =
International units Percentages are roughly approximated using US recommendations for adults. Source: USDA Nutrient Database Manilkara zapota, commonly known as the sapodilla (/ˌsæpəˈdɪlə/),[1] is a long-lived, evergreen tree native to southern Mexico, Central
America and the Caribbean.[2] An example natural occurrence is in coastal Yucatán in the Petenes mangroves ecoregion, where it is a subdominant plant species.[3] It was introduced to the Philippines during Spanish colonization. It is grown in large quantities
in Pakistan, India, Thailand, Malaysia, Cambodia, Indonesia, Bangladesh and Mexico. The name "zapota" from the Spanish zapote [θaˈpote] ultimately derives from the Nahuatlword tzapotl. Contents [show] Description[edit] Sapodilla tree. Sapodilla can grow to
more than 30 m (98 ft) tall with an average trunk diameter of 1.5 m (4.9 ft). The average height of cultivated specimens, however, is usually between 9 and 15 m (30 and 49 ft) with a trunk diameter not exceeding 50 cm (20 in).[4] It is wind-resistant and the
bark is rich in a white, gummy latex called chicle. The ornamental leaves are medium green and glossy. They are alternate, elliptic to ovate, 7–15 cm (2.8–5.9 in) long, with an entire margin. The white flowers are inconspicuous and bell-like, with a six-lobed
corolla. An unripe fruit has a firm outer skin and when picked, releases white chicle from its stem. A fully ripened fruit has saggy skin and does not release chicle when picked. The fruit is a large berry, 4–8 cm (1.6–3.1 in) in diameter.[5][6] Inside, its
flesh ranges from a pale yellow to an earthy brown color with a grainy texture akin to that of a well-ripened pear. Each fruit contains one to six seeds.[6] The seeds are hard, glossy, and black, resembling beans, with a hook at one end that can catch in the
throat if swallowed. The fruit has an exceptionally sweet, malty flavor. The unripe fruit is hard to the touch and contains high amounts of saponin, which has astringent properties similar to tannin, drying out the mouth. The trees can only survive in warm,
typically tropical environments, dying easily if the temperature drops below freezing. From germination, the sapodilla tree will usually take anywhere from five to eight years to bear fruit. The sapodilla trees yield fruit twice a year, though flowering may
continue year round.[citation needed] Other names[edit] Sapodilla fruits being sold on a street at Guntur, India. Sapodilla is known as mispel in the Virgin Islands[1]and Dutch Caribbean, zapote in Honduras, níspero in Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Costa
Rica, Cuba, Guyana, Puerto Rico, Nicaragua, Panama, Colombiaand Venezuela, dilly in the Bahamas, naseberry in Jamaica and other parts of the Caribbean, sapoti in Brazil (Portuguese pronunciation: [sɐpuˈtʃi]) and Haiti, chico in the Philippines and chicosapote
or chicozapote in Mexico, Hawaii, and Florida.[7][8] It is known as chikoo (chiku, "चीकू") in Northern India and Pakistan, ("چیکو" chiku and "ਚੀਕੂ" in Punjab) and sapota in some parts of India ("சப்போட்டா" in Tamil Nadu, "ಸಪೋಟ" in Karnataka, "సపోటా", "sapota"
in Telugu, Andhra Pradesh, "സപ്പോട്ട " in Kerala), sapathilla or rata-mi in Sri Lanka, sobeda/sofeda (সবেদা or সফেদা) in eastern India and Bangladesh, sabudheli ("ސަބުދެލި") in Maldives, sawo in Indonesia and saos in the province of West Sumatra, hồng xiêm
(lit. Siamese persimmon), lồng mứt or xa pô chê in Vietnam, lamoot (ละมุด) in Thailand, Laos and (ល្មុត) in Cambodia. It is called ciku (pronounced chiku) in standard Malay and sawo nilo in Kelantanese Malay. In Chinese, the name is mistakenly translated by
many people roughly as "ginseng fruit" (人參果), though this is also the name used for the pepino, an unrelated fruit; it should instead be "heart fruit" (人心果) because it is shaped like the heart.[citation needed] Biological studies[edit] Compounds extracted
from the leaves showed anti-diabetic, antioxidant and hypocholesterolemic (cholesterol-lowering) effects in rats.[9] Acetone extracts of the seeds exhibited in vitro antibacterial effects against strains of Pseudomonas oleovorans and Vibrio cholerae.[10] Synonyms[edit]
Synonyms of this species include:[11] • Achradelpha mammosa (L.) O.F.Cook • Achras breviloba (Gilly) Lundell • Achras calderonii (Gilly) Lundell • Achras conzattii (Gilly) Lundell • Achras coriacea Lundell • Achras dactylina Lundell • Achras gaumeri (Gilly)
Lundell • Achras latiloba Lundell • Achras lobulata (Lundell) Lundell • Achras lucuma Blanco • Achras mammosa L. nom. illeg. • Achras meridionalis (Gilly) Lundell • Achras occidentalis Cels ex Ten. • Achras paludosa Lundell • Achras petenensis (Lundell) Lundell
• Achras rojasii (Gilly) Lundell • Achras sapatilla J.Paul & W.Arnold • Achras sapota L. [Spelling variant] • Achras striata (Gilly) Lundell • Achras tabogaensis (Gilly) Lundell • Achras tainteriana Lundell • Achras tchicomame Perr. • Achras verrucosa Stokes
• Achras zapota L. • Achras zapotilla (Jacq.) Nutt. • Calocarpum mammosum (L.) Pierre • Calospermum mammosum (L.) Pierre • Gambeya mammosa (L.) Pierre • Lucuma mammosa (L.) C.F.Gaertn. • Lucuma zapota (L.) Urb. • Manilkara achras (Mill.) Fosberg • Manilkara
breviloba Gilly • Manilkara calderonii Gilly • Manilkara conzattii Gilly • Manilkara gaumeri Gilly • Manilkara grisebachii (Pierre) Dubard • Manilkara meridionalis Gilly • Manilkara rojasii Gilly • Manilkara striata Gilly • Manilkara tabogaensis Gilly • Manilkara
zapotilla (Jacq.) Gilly • Manilkariopsis lobulata Lundell • Manilkariopsis meridionalis (Gilly) Lundell • Manilkariopsis petenensis Lundell • Manilkariopsis rojasii (Gilly) Lundell • Manilkariopsis striata (Gilly) Lundell • Manilkariopsis tabogaensis (Gilly)
Lundell • Mimusops grisebachii Pierre • Nispero achras (Mill.) Aubrév. • Pouteria mammosa (L.) Cronquist • Sapota achras Mill. • Sapota zapotilla (Jacq.) Coville ex Safford • Vitellaria mammosa (L.) Radlk. See also[edit] • Sapote References[edit] Wikimedia
Commons has media related to Manilkara zapota. Wikispecies has information related to: Manilkara zapota 1. ^ Jump up to:a b Morton, J. (1987). "Sapodilla". In Julia F. Morton. Fruits of Warm Climates. Florida Flair Books, Miami, FL. pp. 393–398. 2. Jump up^
"Manilkara zapota (L.) P. Royen". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 1995-11-16. Retrieved 2010-04-30. 3. Jump up^ World Wildlife Fund. eds. Mark McGinley, C.Michael Hogan & C. Cleveland. 2010. Petenes mangroves.
Encyclopedia of Earth. National Council for Science and the Environment. Washington DC Archived 2011-10-15 at the Wayback Machine. 4. Jump up^ Manilkara zapota Sapotaceae (L.) van Royen, Orwa C, Mutua A, Kindt R, Jamnadass R, Simons A. 2009. Agroforestree
Database:a tree reference and selection guide version 4.0 (http://www.worldagroforestry.org/af/treedb/) 5. Jump up^ Flora of North America, 8 6. ^ Jump up to:a b Harris, Kate (2009). Trees of Belize. Belize: Bay Cedar Publishing. pp. 94–95. ISBN 9780992758202.
7. Jump up^ "Sapodilla Fruit Facts", California Rare Fruit Growers. Retrieved on 2009/03/26 8. Jump up^ "Ten Tropical Fruits of Potential Value for Crop Diversification in Hawaii", College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources. Retrieved on 2009/03/26
9. Jump up^ Fayek NM, Monem AR, Mossa MY, Meselhy MR, Shazly AH (2012). "Chemical and biological study ofManilkara zapota (L.) Van Royen leaves (Sapotaceae) cultivated in Egypt". Pharmacognosy Res. 4(2): 85–91. doi:10.4103/0974-8490.94723. PMC 3326762  . PMID
22518080. 10. Jump up^ Kothari V, Seshadri S (2010). "In vitro antibacterial activity in seed extracts of Manilkara zapota, Anona squamosa, and Tamarindus indica". Biol Res. 43 (2): 165–8. doi:10.4067/S0716-97602010000200003. PMID 21031260. 11. Jump up^ The
Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species, retrieved 18 October 2015 External links[edit] • CRFG Publications: Sapodilla • Sapodilla Categories: • Manilkara • Tropical fruit • Trees of Belize • Trees of Guatemala • Trees of Haiti • Trees of Jamaica •
Trees of Mexico • Trees of Nicaragua • Crops originating from Mexico • Crops originating from South America • Crops originating from the Americas • Flora of Puerto Rico • Plants described in 1753