اطلس

اطلس (به یونانی: Ἄτλας)‏، پسر پاپتوس و کلومنه.
اساطیر یونان باستان

اطلس
فرانسوی: اطلس
جنسیت: مذکر
پدر: پاپتوس
مادر: کلومنه
همسر: پلیونه
فرزندان: پلیادس و هسپریدس، هوآدس و کالسپو.
موضوع‌های اساطیر یونان باستان
آ ا ب پ ت ج چ خ د ر ز ژ س
ش ف ک گ ل م ن و ه ی


از تیتان‌ها بود. نام او به معنای «متحمل» است. با پلیونه (از اوکئانیدها) ازدواج کرد و صاحب فرزندانی چون پلیادس و هسپریدس، هوآدس و کالسپو شد.
علیه خدایان جنگید و محکوم شد افلاک را بر دوش بگیرد.
جستارهای وابسته [ویرایش]

فهرست شخصیت‌ها، مکان‌ها و رویدادهای افسانه‌ای یونان باستان
منابع [ویرایش]

دورانت، ویل. تاریخ تمدن، یونان باستان (جلد دوم). ترجمهٔ امیرحسین آریان‌پور و دیگران. سرویراستار، محمود مصاحب. چاپ ششم. تهران: شرکت انتشارات علمی و فرهنگی، ۱۳۷۸. ISBN 964-445-001-9.
در ویکی‌انبار پرونده‌هایی دربارهٔ اطلس (شخصیت افسانه‌ای) موجود است.
در ویکی‌انبار پرونده‌هایی دربارهٔ اطلس (شخصیت افسانه‌ای) موجود است.
[نهفتن]
ن • ب • و
ایزدان و پهلوانان اساطیر یونان باستان
دوازده ایزد المپ‌نشین
آپولو· آتنا· آرتمیس· آرس· آفرودیته· پوزئیدون· دمتر· زئوس· هرا· هرمس· هستیا· هفائستوس

ایزدان نخستین
اربوس· اروس· اورانوس· پونتوس· تارتاروس· خائوس· گایا· مویرای· نوکس
دیگر ایزدان
اتر · اطلس· پرسفون· دیونیسوس· ستو· فبوس· کرونوس· لتو· مایا· هادس· هارمونیا· هبه· هیگیه‌یا
تیتان‌ها
اکئانوس· تئا· تتیس· تمیس· رئا· فوبه· کئوس· کرونوس· کریوس· نیمازینی· هیپریون· یاپتوس
دیگر موجودات نخستین
ارینوئس· پولیفموس· دریادن· سانتور· سیکلوپ· گیگانت‌ها· مدوسا· میوزها· مینوتور· هیدرا
پهلوانان میرا و
نیمه‌خدایان
آتالانته· آسکلپیوس· آشیل· آمازون‌ها· آنتیوپ· اودیسئوس· اودیپ· ایکاروس· بلروفون· پانته‌زیله· پرسئوس· پلئوس·
پنلوپه· تانتالوس· تسئوس·دایدالوس· سیسیفوس· هرکول· هیپولیتا· یاسون
اساطیر یونانی ·رده:اساطیر یونانی
رده‌ها: اساطیر یونانیای زدان یونان یتیتان‌ها

قس عربی

أطلس هو معبود من المیثولوجیا الإغریقیة، یشتهر بحمله قبة السماء، وهو أحد العمالقة الأقویاء کعنتی وهرقل وغیرهم. حسب المیثولوجیا الإغریقیة فهو ابن بوسیدون، وللإشارة فقد جعل هیرودوت، وأخ لکل من برومیثیوس أیبیمیثیوس. وقد کان أطلس من بین العمالقة الذین اکتسحوا الجبل الأولمبی الذی یحظى بمکانة عظیمة فی المیثولوجیا الإغریقیة وجزاء لذلک فقد عاقبه الإله زیوس بأن حکم علیه أن یحمل قبة السماء بنفسه ولیس الأرض بکاملها کما یعتقد البعض خطأ.

[عدل]أطلس اللیبی وأطلس الإغریقی

فی المیثولوجیا فهو کائن شدید العلو بحیث لایرى جزءه العلوی من الرأس سواء صیفا أو شتاء، ویلاحظ أن الباحثین یمیزون بین أطلس اللیبی وبین أطلس الإغریقی.

[عدل]التسمیة

یعتقد أن جزیرة أطلنطس المفقودة فد أخذت اسمها عن هذا الإله، وتجدر الإشارة إلى أن بعض المصادر المیثولوجیة ترجح أن سکان تلک الجزیرة کانوا لیبیون، ویعتقد البعض أن جبال أطلس مسماة باسم إغریقی باعتبار أن أطلس اسما إغریقیا، ویذکر أن الرب أطلس قد تحول إلى سلسلة جبال الأطلس حسب الأسطورة، فی حین یرى البعض خارج سیاق المیثولوجیا أن أطلس قد یکون تحریفا للاسم کما یشیر أیضا أحد الباحثین المهتمین بالمیثولوجیا الأمازیغیة "حفیظ خضیری" أن کلمة أطلس کلمة محضة ذات علاقة مع الظواهر الطبیعیة وهی کلمة مرکبة بالنطق الأمازیغی "antel+as" أی مقبرة الشمس، وقدیما کان البشر یعبدون الشمس ویعتقدون أنها تعود إلى المغرب کموطن یدعى مملکة الموت أو أرض الله /amur uyakuch.

ویذهب الدکتور "أحمد الهاشمی" أستاذ الطوبونیمیا بجامعة ابن زهر بالمغرب إلى احتمال أن یکون أطلس أصله "أدلاس" الذی یجمع فی صورة "تیدلاس" التی تنجز فی صورة "تیلاّس" أی الظلمات، وذلک بالمماثلة الصوتیة بین الدال واللام وإدغامهما؛ فیکون معنى صیغة "أدلاس" المظلم، وهذا مایفسر تسمیة الجغرافیین العرب القدماء المحیط الأطلسی ببحر الظلمات.

أما تسمیة الجبال المغاربیة بجبال أطلس فسببها حسب هذا التفسیر أن هذه الجبال تنتهی منحدرة نحو میاه المحیط الأطلسی.

أما أساطیر الإغریق حول أطلس فإنما تعکس مایحکى لهم عن عجائب بلاد المغرب، ومنها جبال أطلس الشامخة، وخاصة قمم أطلس الکبیر التی تعانق قبة السماء، ولاترى أبدا فی ذلک الزمان لأنها کانت مقر الثلوج الدائمة وتغطیها باستمرار سحب کثیفة ناتجة عن کثافة هذه الثلوج، والرحالة الذین یتحدثون عن معاینتهم للمنطقة تؤکد ماقلناه، وتسمیته أمازیغیة محضة.[بحاجة لمصدر]

کما أن المحیط الأطلسی یربط أیضا باسم أطلس وجبال أطلس وجزیرة أطلنتیس المفقودة، کما أن القمر أطلس قد سمی نسبة لهذا الإله الذی برز فی المیثولوجیا الإغریقیة.

هناک المزید من الصور والملفات فی ویکیمیدیا کومنز حول: أطلس


بوابة میثولوجیا
بوابة الأمازیغ
تصنیفان: آلهة إغریقیةمیثولوجیا إغریقیة

قس ترکی آذری

Atlant ya Atlas (yunan. Άτλας) qədim yunan mifologiyasında[1] titan tanrı İapetin oğlu, Prometey, Epimetey və Menetiyın qardaşı.




İapet

Klimena











































Atlant

Prometey

Epimetey

Menetiy
Titanomaxiya zamanı qardaşı Menetiy kimi rəqib tərəfdə iştirak etdiyi üçün Zevs tərəfindən əbədi olaraq kürəklərində yeri və göyü saxlamağa məhkum olunmuşdur. Onun yeddi gözəl qızı – Pleyadlar atalarının çəkmiş olduğu zülümə dözməyərək ulduzlara çevrilmişlər.
[redaktə]İstinadlar

↑ Мифы народов мира. М., 1991-92. В 2 т. Т.1. С.121; Любкер Ф. Реальный словарь классических древностей. М., 2001. В 3 т. Т.1. С.210
[göstər] Yunan mifologiyası
Kateqoriyalar: Mifologiyada allahlarYunan mifologiyasıTitanlar

قس ترکی استانبولی

Atlas, Yunan mitolojisinde Iapetos ile Klymene'nin 13 çocuğundan en güçlü olanıdır.
Olympos’a saldırdığı için Zeus tarafından gök kubbeyi omuzlarında taşımakla cezalandırılmıştır.
Bu mitolojik dayanakla tıpta kafatasını taşıyan ilk omura da atlas adı verilmiştir.
Eski bir hikâyede Herkül ile aralarında geçen olay şöyle anlatılır:
Tanrıların kralı Zeus Atlas'a çok kızmıştı.Bunun nedeni Atlas'ın koca tanrı Zeus ile savaşmak istemesiydi.Koca tanrı,Atlas'a büyük bir ceza verdi;Atlas,sonsuza kadar Dünya'yı sırtında taşımalıydı!Bu yorucu görevden kurtulmak isteyen Atlas,Herkül kendisinden yardım isteyince sinsice bir plan yaptı.Herkül bir bahçede bir ejderhanın koruduğu üç altın elmayı ele geçirmek istiyordu.Atlas,Herkül'e kendisi dönünceye kadar Dünya'yı sırtında taşırsa elmaları ona getireceğini söyledi.Atlas elmaları aldı ve geldi.Herkül'e: -Sen taşımaya devam et! dedi. Bunun üzerine Herkül taşımayı kabul etti ama sırtına bir omuzluk yerleştirene kadar birkaç dakika Atlas'ın tutmasını istedi. Atlas Dünya'yı alır almaz Herkül kaçtı ve Atlas kandırıldığını anladı.Bazı hikâyelerde gök gürültüsünün Atlas'ın Herkül'e haykırışı olduğu anlatılır.Atlas omuzlarında dünyayı değil gökubbeyi taşır
Titanlar Olimposlulara karşı isyan edince Zeus, Atlas’ı gökyüzünü taşıma cezasına çarptırdı. Bununla birlikte, Atlas çoğunlukla küre şeklinde bir şey taşırken tasvir edilir, en mükemmeli de Flaman Mercator’un toplu halde yayınlanan haritalarının kapağında kullanılanıdır. Daha yakından bakılırsa bu kürenin aslında Dünya değil, gökkubbe olduğu görülecektir. Ayrıca Mercator, kitabının adını Titan’dan değil, ilk kez “göksel” küreyi (“yerküre”nin aksine) ürettiği kabul edilen (dağlara da adını vermiş olan) efsanevi filozof, Moritanya Kralı Atlas’tan almıştır.
[değiştir]Çocukları

Atlas'ın değişik tanrıçalardan babası olduğu daha çok kız olan çocukları şunlardır:
Hesperis'tan, Hesperides;
Pleione (veya Aethra)
Hyades,
Hyas,(erkek)
Pleiades;
ve diğerleri
Calypso,
Dione,
Maera.
Zoé.
[değiştir]Galeri


Herakles ve Atlas



Atlas



Atlas anıtı, Santiago



Farnese Atlas, 2. yüzyıldaHellenistik dönem2 ait Atlas heykeli(Naples)

Yunan mitolojisi ile ilgili bu madde bir taslaktır. Madde içeriğini genişleterek Vikipedi'ye katkıda bulunabilirsiniz.
Kategoriler: Yunan mitolojisi taslaklarıTitanlar

قس انگلیسی

In Greek mythology, Atlas (/ˈætləs/; Ancient Greek: Ἄτλας) was the primordial Titan who held up the celestial sphere. Although associated with various places, he became commonly identified with the Atlas Mountains in northwest Africa (Modern-day Morocco and Algeria).[1] Atlas was the son of the Titan Iapetus and the Oceanid Asia[2] or Klyménē (Κλυμένη):[3]
Now Iapetus took to wife the neat-ankled maid Clymene, daughter of Ocean, and went up with her into one bed. And she bare him a stout-hearted son, Atlas: also she bare very glorious Menoetius and clever Prometheus, full of various wiles, and scatter-brained Epimetheus.
—Hesiod, Theogony 507–11
In contexts where a Titan and a Titaness are assigned each of the seven planetary powers, Atlas is paired with Phoebe and governs the moon.[not in citation given][4] He had three brothers: Prometheus, Epimetheus and Menoetius.[5]
Hyginus emphasises the primordial nature of Atlas by making him the son of Aether and Gaia.[6]
The first part of the term "Atlantic Ocean" refers to "Sea of Atlas", the term "Atlantis" refers to "island of Atlas".
Contents [hide]
1 Etymology
2 Punishment
2.1 Variations
3 Encounter with Heracles
4 Etruscan Aril
5 Children
6 Cultural influence
7 See also
8 Notes
9 References
[edit]Etymology



Sculpture of Atlas, Praza do Toural, Santiago de Compostela.
The etymology of the name Atlas is uncertain and still debated. Virgil took pleasure in translating etymologies of Greek names by combining them with adjectives that explained them: for Atlas his adjective is durus, "hard, enduring",[7] which suggested to George Doig[8] that Virgil was aware of the Greek τλήναι "to endure"; Doig offers the further possibility that Virgil was aware of Strabo's remark that the native North African name for this mountain was Douris. Since the Atlas mountains rise in the region inhabited by Berbers, it has been suggested that the name might be taken from one of the Berber languages, specifically adrar, Berber for "mountain".[9]
Some modern linguists derive it and its Greek root from the Proto-Indo-European root *tel, 'to uphold, support'; others[citation needed] suggest that it is a pre-Indo-European name. Others hold it is pre-Indo-European, or Pelasgian in origin, associated with the word "thalassa", meaning "sea".
[edit]Punishment

Atlas and his brother Menoetius sided with the Titans in their war against the Olympians, the Titanomachy. When the Titans were defeated, many of them (including Menoetius) were confined to Tartarus, but Zeus condemned Atlas to stand at the western edge of Gaia (the Earth) and hold up Uranus (the Sky) on his shoulders, to prevent the two from resuming their primordial embrace. Thus, he was Atlas Telamon, "enduring Atlas," and became a doublet of Koios, the embodiment of the celestial axis around which the heavens revolve.[10]
A common interpretation today is that Atlas was forced to hold the Earth on his shoulders, but Classical art shows Atlas holding the celestial spheres, not a globe; the solidity of the marble globe born by the renowned Farnese Atlas may have aided the conflation, reinforced in the 16th century by the developing usage of atlas to describe a corpus of terrestrial maps.


Greco-Buddhist (1-200 BC) Atlas, supporting a Buddhist monument, Hadda, Afghanistan.
[edit]Variations
In a late story,[11] a giant named Atlas tried to drive a wandering Perseus from the place where the Atlas mountains now stand. In Ovid's telling,[12] Perseus revealed Medusa's head, turning Atlas to stone (those very mountains) when he tried to drive him away, as a prophecy said that a son of Zeus would steal the golden apples. As is not uncommon in myth, this account cannot be reconciled with the far more common stories of Atlas' dealings with Heracles, who was Perseus' great-grandson.
According to Plato, the first king of Atlantis was also named Atlas, but that Atlas was a son of Poseidon and the mortal woman Cleito.[13] A euhemerist origin for Atlas was as a legendary Atlas, king of Mauretania, an expert astronomer. Some say he is even the god of astronomy.
[edit]Encounter with Heracles

One of the Twelve Labors of the hero Heracles was to fetch some of the golden apples which grow in Hera's garden, tended by Atlas' daughters, the Hesperides, and guarded by the dragon Ladon. Heracles went to Atlas and offered to hold up the heavens while Atlas got the apples from his daughters.
Upon his return with the apples, however, Atlas attempted to trick Heracles into carrying the sky permanently by offering to deliver the apples himself, as anyone who purposely took the burden must carry it forever, or until someone else took it away. Heracles, suspecting Atlas did not intend to return, pretended to agree to Atlas' offer, asking only that Atlas take the sky again for a few minutes so Heracles could rearrange his cloak as padding on his shoulders. When Atlas set down the apples and took the heavens upon his shoulders again, Heracles took the apples and ran away.
In some versions,[14] Heracles instead built the two great Pillars of Hercules to hold the sky away from the earth, liberating Atlas much as he liberated Prometheus.
[edit]Etruscan Aril

The identifying name Aril is inscribed on two 5th-century Etruscan bronze items, a mirror from Vulci and a ring from an unknown site.[15] Both objects depict the encounter with Atlas of Hercle, the Etruscan Heracles, identified by the inscription; they represent rare instances where a figure from Greek mythology is imported into Etruscan mythology, but the name is not. The Etruscan name aril is etymologically independent.
[edit]Children



Lee Lawrie's colossal bronze Atlas, Rockefeller Center, New York.
Sources describe Atlas as the father, by different goddesses, of numerous children, mostly daughters. Some of these are assigned conflicting or overlapping identities or parentage in different sources.
By Hesperis:
the Hesperides[16]
By Pleione (or Aethra[17]):
the Hyades[18]
a son, Hyas[18]
the Pleiades[19]
By one or more unspecified goddesses:
Calypso[20]
Dione[21]
Maera[22]
[edit]Cultural influence

Main article: Atlas (disambiguation)


Atlas supports the terrestrial globe on a building in Collins Street, Melbourne, Australia.


Nautilus Cup. This drinking vessel, for court feasts, depicts Atlas holding the shell on his back.[23] The Walters Art Museum.
Atlas' best-known cultural association is in cartography. The first publisher to associate the Titan Atlas with a group of maps was the print-seller Antonio Lafreri, on the engraved title-page he applied to his ad hoc assemblages of maps, Tavole Moderne Di Geografia De La Maggior Parte Del Mondo Di Diversi Autori (1572);[24] however, he did not use the word "atlas" in the title of his work, an innovation of Gerardus Mercator, who dedicated his "atlas" specifically "to honour the Titan, Atlas, King of Mauretania, a learned philosopher, mathematician, and astronomer"; he actually depicted the astronomer king.
[edit]See also

Atlas (architecture)
Farnese Atlas
[edit]Notes

^ Smith, "Atlas"
^ Pseudo-Apollodorus, Bibliotheke i.2.3.
^ Hesiod (Theogony 359 [as a daughter of Tethys], 507) gives her name as Clymene but the Bibliotheca (1.8) gives instead the name Asia, as does Lycophron (1411). It is possible that the name Asia became preferred over Hesiod's Clymene to avoid confusion with what must be a different Oceanid named Clymene, who was mother of Phaethon by Helios in some accounts.
^ Classical sources: Homer, Iliad v.898; Apollonius Rhodius ii. 1232; Bibliotheke i.1.3; Hesiod, Theogony 113; Stephanus of Byzantium, under "Adana"; Aristophanes Birds 692ff; Clement of Rome Homilies vi.4.72.
^ Hesiod, Theogony 371
^ Hyginus, Preface to Fabulae.
^ Aeneid iv.247: "Atlantis duri" and other instances; see Robert W. Cruttwell, "Virgil, Aeneid, iv. 247: 'Atlantis Duri'" The Classical Review 59.1 (May 1945), p. 11.
^ George Doig, "Vergil's Art and the Greek Language" The Classical Journal 64.1 (October 1968, pp. 1-6) p. 2.
^ Strabo, 17.3;
^ The usage in Virgil's maximum Atlas axem umero torquet stellis ardentibus aptum (Aeneid, iv.481f , cf vi.796f), combining poetic and parascientific images, is discussed in P. R. Hardie, "Atlas and Axis" The Classical Quarterly N.S. 33.1 (1983:220-228).
^ Polyeidos, Fragment 837; Ovid, Metamorphoses 4.627
^ Ovid, Metamorphoses, IV.617ff (on-line English translation at TheoiProject).
^ Plato, Critias
^ A lost passage of Pindar quoted by Strabo (3.5.5) was the earliest reference in this context: "the pillars which Pindar calls the 'gates of Gades' when he asserts that they are the farthermost limits reached by Heracles"; the passage in Pindar has not been traced.
^ Paolo Martini, Il nome etrusco di Atlante, (Rome:Università di Roma) 1987 investigates the etymology of aril, rejecting a link to the verbal morpheme ar- ("support") in favor of a Phoenician etymon in an unattested possible form *'arrab(a), signifying "guarantor in a commercial transaction" with the connotation of "mediator", related to the Latin borrowing arillator, "middleman". This section and note depend on Rex Wallace's review of Martini in Language 65.1 (March 1989:187-188).
^ Diodorus Siculus, The Library of History 4.26.2
^ Hyginus, Astronomica 2.21; Ovid, Fasti 5.164
^ a b Hyginus, Fabulae 192
^ Hesiod, Works and Days 383; Bibliotheca 3.110; Ovid, Fasti 5.79
^ Homer, Odyssey 1.52; Apollodorus, E7.23
^ Hyginus, Fabulae 82, 83
^ Pausanias, Guide to Greece 8.12.7, 8.48.6
^ "Nautilus Cup". The Walters Art Museum.
^ Ashley Baynton-Williams, "The 'Lafreri school' of Italian mapmakers"
[edit]References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:
Atlas (mythology) (category)
Origin of the term "Atlas" as a name for a collection of maps
Robert Graves, The Greek Myths, London: Penguin, 1955; Baltimore: Penguin. ISBN 0-14-001026-2
Smith, William; Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, London (1873). "Atlas"
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